B.Sc., B.Ed. Syllabus - Semester I

SEMESTER-I

பருவம்I

தமிழ்– தாள்- 1

CODE: 1 # RL1                                                        Credits: 3 (2L: 1T: 0P)

Hours: 4/Week

நோக்கங்கள்: -

1.      மாணவர்களுக்கு பண்டைய தமிழக மக்களின் வரலாற்றை அறிமுகம் செய்தல்

2.      மாணவர்களுக்கு அற இலக்கியங்களை போதிப்பதன் வழியாக நல்லொழுக்கத்தை வளரச் செய்தல்

3.      மாணவர்களுக்கு படைப்பாற்றல் திறனை வளர்த்தல்

4.      பயன்பாட்டித்தமிழ் வழியாக மொழித்திறனை மேம்படுத்துதல்

அலகு – 1 தமிழக வரலாறு

சங்ககாலத் தமிழகம் – அரசியல் நிலை – போர் முறை – சமூக அமைப்பு – திருமணமுறை – நம்பிக்கைகள் – வணிகம் – உணவு – உறையுள் – அணிகலங்கள் – கல்வி – பொழுதுபோக்குகள் – அறம்

அலகு – 2 அற இலக்கியங்களும், காப்பியங்களும்

களப்பிரர் காலம் விளக்கம் – நீதி இலக்கியத்தின் சமூகதி தேவை – திருக்குறள் – அன்புடைமை அதிகாரம் - அடக்கவுமை, நட்பு, தீ நட்பு, ஐம்பெருங்காப்பியங்கள் – ஐஞ்சிறுங்காப்பியங்கள்

காப்பியங்கள் – சிலப்பதிகாரம் கதை சுருக்கம் – வழக்குரைத்தகாதை (மட்டும்)       

அலகு – 3 உரைநடை

நலவாழ்வு – டாக்டர் மு. வரதராசன்

அலகு – 4 இக்கால இலக்கியங்கள்

சிறுகதை – தோற்றம் – வளர்ச்சி – சிறுகதை ஆசிரியர்கள் – சிறுகதை வகைகள்            விடியுமா? – கு.ப.ராஜகோபலன், நாற்று    - (சிறுகதிய தொகுப்பு), வானதி பதிப்பகம், தி.நகர்.

அலகு – 5 பயன்பாட்டுத் தமிழ்

பிறமொழிக் சொற்களை தமிழ்ச்சொற்களாக மாற்றுதல் – எழுத்து பிழை நீக்கம் – கலைச் சொல்லாக்கம் – வல்லினம் மிகு இடம் – மிகா இடங்களை கண்டறிதல் – சந்திவிதிகள் – சொற்றொடர் மாற்றம் (தன்வினை – பிறவினை – செயப்பாட்டு வினை – நேர் கூற்று – அயற் கூற்று) – பயிற்சிகள்

பார்வை நூல்கள்: -

1.      முனைவர் அ . தட்சிணாமூர்த்தி – தமிழர் நாகரிகமும் பண்பாடும் யாழ் வெளியீடு செ-46

2.      கே.கே. பிள்ளை – “தமிழக் வரலாறு” மக்கள் பண்பாடும்”, உலகத் தமிழாராய்ச்சி நிறுவனம், மீள் பதிப்பு, 2009

3.      முனைவர் கு. மோகணராசு – திருக்குறள் மக்கள் உரை, மணிவாசகர் பதிப்பகம்

4.      முனைவர். பொற்கோ – நீங்களும் தமிழை தவறு இல்லாமல் எழுதலாம்

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SEMESTER – I

HINDI – PAPER-1

CODE: 1 # RL1                                                                             Credits: 3 (2L: 1T: 0P)

Hours: 4/Week

Objectives: Students develop proficiency in Hindi which equips them to

1.      enable thestudents toacquirebasic skills in functional language.

2.      develop independentreadingskills and readingfor appreciatingliteraryworks.

3.      internalisegrammar rules so as to facilitate fluencyin speech and writing.

4.      develop functionaland creativeskills in language.

5.      developvaluesofliberalismandaninsightintotheculturalheritageofthe region which remains embodied in the literaryoutput of the region.

Transactionmode:

Lecturecumdiscussion,groupdiscussion;paneldiscussion,seminargroupwork, librarywork.

COURSE CONTENT:

Unit - I:  DescriptiveGrammar

Sandhi  ( Agama, Adesa,Dwitwa etc) A suitablebook on Sandhi will be followed in the classroom

Reference:  Hindi Vyakaran byNNagappa.

Unit - II:  Functional Language

(a)  Group Discussion: Introduction-Definition-characteristics-types of discussions-round-table–symposium-panel-lectureforumetc.-relevanceofgroupDiscussions –Exercises.

(b) Conversation:     Definition-styles  of  conversation-formats  of  conversation- telephonic conversa6ion,etc-Exercises

Reference:EffectiveGroupDiscussion–TheoryandPracticebyGloriaJ.Galanes, McGrawHillCompany(Publishers).

Unit - III: ModernPoetry:

i)  KavyaKusumaakar - First eight Poets (Modern)

Prasaranga, Universityof Mysore, Mysore

Unit - IV:Prose :Collection ofShort Stories:

Katha Kousthubh  (Ed).DrTippeswamy

Sessionalwork:

Intheinternalclassduringthedifferentactivitiestheperformanceofthestudentwill be assessed bythe teacher. Test, assignments andsmall projects works maybegiven .

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SEMESTER – I

ENGLISH – PAPER-1

CODE:I # E1                                                                                     Credits: 3 (2L: 1T: 0P)

Hours: 4/Week

Objectives: Students develop proficiency in English which equips them to

1.      Students develop proficiency in English which equips them to:

2.      understand the demands of audience, subject, situation and purpose and the

3.      use of language for effective communication.

4.      analyse language in context to gain an understanding of grammar, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and speech.

5.      examine authentic literary and non-literary texts and develop insight and appreciation.

6.      gain an understanding of study and reference skills.

7.      plan, draft, edit and present a piece of writing.

Unit I : Descriptive Grammar

Parts of speech: Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections.

Tenses- articles.

Unit II : Skills in Communication

Use of conventional formulae: Greeting, apology, invitation, refusal, accepting, thanking. Debating on an issue – agreeing / disagreeing.

Unit III : Study and Reference Skills

Study skills: Note making, Note- taking, Paraphrasing. Reference skills: Dictionary, library, thesaurus, encyclopedias

Unit  IV: Literature – Prose

Extract from Abdul Kalam’s Wings of Fire. Women, Not the Weaker Sex - M.K. Gandhi

Unit V: Composition

Reading Comprehension,Filling up Forms, Railway Reservation/ Cancellation Forms, Bank-Challan, Convocation Form,Money Order Form.

Sugested Readings:

·         Block, C.C.(1997). Teaching the Language Arts, 2nd Ed. Allyn and Bacon

·         Mckay. et al. (1995). The Communication Skills Book, 2nd Ed. New Harbinger Publications.

·         Hornby,A.S.(2001).Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary,OUP

·         Thomsan,A.J. & Martinet.(2002).A Practical English Grammar.OUP

·         Mahadevan, Usha.  Empower with English, Sun Beams – 1.  Emerald Publication, Chennai, 2012

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SEMESTER – I

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

CODE: 1 # IPCS1                                                                           Credits: 2 (1L-0.5T-0.5P)

Hours: 3/Week

Objectives:  On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

1. understand the importance of protecting the environment.
2. develop the knowledge of various awareness programmes on protecting the environment
3. identify the ways to utilize conventional energy sources.
4. describe the future of Solar Energy.
5. explain the role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.
6. suggest ways to increase the ground water level in and around college campus.
7. conduct awareness programmes on different types of pollution.
8. report on action-taken to protect college campus from Land Pollution.
9. discuss the adverse effects of Global Warming.
10. explain the ways to avoid nuclear accidents.
11. Justifying the role of an individual in protecting the Environment.

UNIT-I: Introduction to Environmental Education and Natural Resources

Definition and Meaning of Environment – Components – Scope – Nature – Importance - Need for public awareness and objects of Environmental Study. Resources : Natural Resources – Renewable resources - Non renewable resources – Energy resources – Chief resources of energy and their classification – Growing needs of energy – Alternative sources of energy – Future of Solar Energy.

UNIT-II: Role of an individual in Conservation of Natural Resources  and Environmental Pollution           

Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – Water Conservation – Energy Conservation – Conservation of Forest resources – Soil conservation – Equitable use of resources for sustainable life style.

Environmental Pollution:Definition – Causes - Effects and control measures of air pollution – Water Pollution – Soil Pollution – Noise Pollution - Nuclear Hazards – Role of an individual in prevention of Pollution.

UNIT–III: Environmental Issues and Role of Education            

Climate change – Global Warming – Acid Rain – Ozone Layer depletion – Nuclear accidents and Holocaust.            Education for sustainable development of environment, Environmental Education in National Policy on Education (1986) – Need – Providing Environmental Education at different levels – current status of Environmental Education in School curriculum – Role of NCERT – Role of Teachers.

           

References

• Amandeep Kaur. (2003). Environmental Education, Tandon Publications, Ludhiana.
• Arul Jothy. (2009). Environmental Education, Centrum Press, New Delhi.
• Gopal Dutt .N.H. (2007). Environmental Pollution Control, Neelkamal Publications, New Delhi.
• Joshi. A.L. (2012). Environmental Education Saurabh Publishing House, New Delhi.
• Khoshoo.T.N. (1991). Environmental concerns and strategies, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi.
• Raghavan Nambiar. K, (2010), Text book of Environmental Studies, Scitech Publication Pvt. Ltd., Chennai.
• Reena Mohanka. (2009). Environmental Education A.P.H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
• Suresh Pachauri. (2012). Environmental Education, Pearson Series in Education, Delhi.
• Surinder Singh Sirohi. (2010). Environmental Education, Tandon Publications, Ludhiana.

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SEMESTER – I

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF LEARNER

CODE: 1 # IPES1                                                                           Credits: 3 (2L-0.5T-0.5P)

Hours: 4/Week

Objectives: On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

1.      describe the principles of growth and development

2.      explain the characteristics of prenatal development

3. understand the physical, mental, emotional, social and moral development of infancy and babyhood
4. understand the physical, mental, emotional, social and moral development of  Early and late childhood
5. analyse the characteristics of adolescents and their problems.

UNIT-I: Growth and Development

Concept of Growth, Development and Maturation - Principles of Growth and Development - Introduction to Stages of development: Prenatal and Postnatal: Infancy, Babyhood, childhood, adolescence - Aspects of development: Physical, Mental, Emotional, Moral & Social.

 

UNIT-II: Role of Heredity and Environment

Heredity and Environment: Mechanism of Heredity – Identical and Fraternal Twins – Biological Inheritance: principles & significance – Role of Heredity - Role of Environment –concept of Nature and Nurture in the development of an individual.

 

UNIT-III: Developmental Stages

Prenatal Development: Prenatal – 3 Stages of prenatal development:  Zygote, Embryo and Fetus - Hazards during prenatal stages: Physical and Psychological.Infancy and Babyhood: Characteristics – Developmental tasks – Physical Development – Cognitive Development – Emotional Development – Social Development – Moral Development – Physical and Psychological hazards (Stage wise). Early and Late Childhood: Characteristics – Developmental tasks – Physical Development –  Cognitive   Development – Emotional Development – Social Development – Moral   Development – Physical and Psychological  hazards (stage wise). Adolescence: Characteristics – Developmental Tasks – Physical development – Cognitive development (Piaget) – Social development(Erickson) – Emotional development, Moral development (Kohlberg) – Discipline. Interests of Adolescents – Problems of Adolescents. Group Behaviour - Leadership.

References:     

• Berk, Laura E. (2007).  Child Development, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
• Bhatia, H.R. (2008). Educational Psychology, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
• Dash, B.N. (2007).  Educational Psychology, Neelkamal Publications (P) Ltd, Delhi.
• Hurlock, Elizabeth B. (2006). Child Growth and development, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pvt Company, Delhi.
• Mangal, S.K. (2008). General Psychology, Sterling Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi.
• Robert A.Baron, (2007). Psychology, A.I.T.B.S Publishers, New Delhi.
• Santrock, John W. (2007). Adolescence, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
• Stella Reynolds. (2006). Educational Psychology, Lotus Press, New Delhi.

SEMESTER-I

MATHEMATICS – PAPER-1

TRIGONOMETRY AND FOURIER SERIES

CODE: I # M1                                                                                     Credits: 3 (2L: 1T: 0P)

Hours: 4/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.      understand the concept of summation of series

2.      gain knowledge in Fourier series

3.      apply the concepts to other courses

Unit – I: Expansion in series – Expansions of Sin , Cos , (problems involving evaluation

of limits only), Expansion of , , tan(A+B+C+….) (Formation of equations excluded) , Powers of sines and cosines of in terms of functions of multiples of  .                                                            

Unit – II: Hyperbolic Functions: definition, relation between hyperbolic functions and

Inverse hyperbolic functions.                                                                   

Unit – III: Logarithm of complex quantities.                                                

Unit – IV: Summation of Trigonometric series by using complex quantities: C + iS form

Gregory series (only simple problems in both cases).                             

Unit – V: Fourier Series of periodicity 2π – half range series                                   

Reference Books:

1.      S. Narayan and T.K. Manicavachagom Pillay, Trigonometry

2.      S. Narayan and T.K. Manicavachagom Pillay (2002), Calculus Volume –II,

S.Viswanathan printers and publishers Pvt. Ltd., Chennai.

3.      P.R. Vittal, Trigonometry, Margham Publications.

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SEMESTER-I

PHYSICS – paper-i

MECHANICS & PROPERTIES OF MATTER

CODE: I # P1                                                                                       Credits: 4 (3L: 0T: 1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives : Enable the Students to

1.      study and apply the knowledge of Gravitation at various situation.

2.      understand the concepts of statics, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics and dynamics of charged bodies under various fields and the rigid body dynamics in terms of MI.

3.      study the basics of Elasticity and its importance in beams, girders.

4.      study the concepts of viscosity and surface tension and the various methods to  

5.      determine the parameters experimentally.

Unit – I: Statics

Friction - Laws of Friction - coefficient of Friction-Equilibrium on a rough inclined plane - impulse- Collision - oblique impact of smooth spheres - Direct impact of two smooth spheres - loss of kinetic energy due to direct impact and oblique impact of two smooth spheres.

Unit – II: Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics

Center of pressure - centre of pressure of a rectangular lamina and triangular lamina - Atmospheric pressure - Variation of atmospheric pressure with altitude - Equation of continuity - Energy of liquid -Euler’s equation -Bernoulli’s theorem -Applications.

Unit – III: Dynamics of rigid bodies

Moment of inertia - Radius of gyration - Theorems of M .I - M.I of circular disc, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder, solid sphere and hollow sphere - K.E of a rotating body - M.I of a diatomic molecule - Rotational energy state of a rigid diatomic molecule - centre of mass - conservation of linear momentum - Relation between Torque and angular momentum.

Unit – IV: Gravitation and Elasticity

Newton’s law - Kepler’s law - G by Boy’s method - Gravitational field and potential - potential and field due to a spherical shell and solid sphere - Compound pendulum - Modulli of elasticity - work done in a strain – Rigidity modulus by static torsion (scale & telescope) Torsional oscillation of a body - Bending of beams - bending moment - cantilever - Y - Uniform and non- uniform bending.

Unit –V: Viscosity and Surface Tension

Critical velocity - Poiseullie’s formula - coefficient of viscosity - h by variable pressure head - Terminal velocity and Stoke’s formula - Stokes method - variation of viscosity with temperature and pressure - viscosity of gases - Rankine’s method - Surface tension - work done - Angle of contact - Quincke’s method -Drop weight method.

Reference Books:

1. R. Murugeshan, Mechanics and Mathematical Physics , S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (Third Revised Edition 2008).
2. R. Murugeshan, Properties of Matter, S.Chand & company Ltd, New Delhi (2010).
3. Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Edition, David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl  Walker, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
4. University Physics, Revised Edition, Harris Benson, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Physics Practicals – I

Paper – I

Any Seven Practicals

1.      Torsion Pendulum.

2.      Surface Tension – Capillary rise method.

3.      Deflection Magnetometer ( TanA & TanB).

4.      Young’s modulus – Non-uniform Bending.

5.      Sonameter – frequency of the tuning fork.

6.      Stoke’s method.

7.      Poiselleus methods.

8.      Viscosity – Constant pressure head.

9.      Viscosity – Variable pressure head.

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SEMESTER-I

Chemistry – paper-i

INTRODUCTION TO organic chemistry

Code: I # C1                                                                                         Credits: 4 (3L: 0T: 1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Course objective: To know about what are hydrocarbons and their classification, conformations, preparations, properties and about aromaticity.

Unit I – Classifications of hydrocarbons                            

Chemistry of alkanes and cycloalkanes petroleum source of alkanes-Methods of preparing alkanes and cycloalkanes - chemical properties –mechanism of free radical substitutions in alkanes - halogenation –uses.

Unit II – Conformational Analysis

Conformational study of ethane and n-butane – Relative stability of cyclo alkanes from cyclopropane upto cyclooctane – Bayer’s straintheory – Limitations – cyclohexane and mono-and disubstituted cyclohexanes.

Unit III – Preparation methods of hydrocarbons

General methods of preparation and properties of Alkenes and alkynes –electrophilic and radical addition mechanisms- addition reactions with H₂,X₂, HX, HOX, H₂SO₄, H₂O , hydroboration Ozonolysis and peroxide effect. Hydroxylation of alkenes with KMnO₄- allylic substitution of alkenes by NBS –acidity of alkynes and formation of acetylides-test for alkenes and alkynes.

Unit IV – Types of dienes and reactions

Dienes-types-stability-preparation of 1, 3 butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene-reactivity –1, 2 and 1, 4 additions in conjugated dienes,-Diels-Alder reaction. Types of polymerization-mechanisms of ionic and free radical addition polymerization.

Unit V - Aromaticity and preparation of aromatic compounds

Aromaticity-Huckel’s rule-resonance in benzene –electrophilic substitution in aromatic compounds-general machanism –nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedelcraft’s alkylation and acylation-Orientation and reactivity in monosubstituted benzenes polynuclear hydrocarbons –naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene – preparation, properties and uses.

Text Book:

·         P. L. Soni. Text Book of Organic Chemistry” Sultan Chand & sons. 32^nd edition. 2013

Reference Books

·      Robert Thornton Morrison, Robert Neilson Boyd, “Organic Chemistry” Ashok K. Ghosh 10^th edition, 2013

·      Dr. Jagadamba singh, Dr. L. D. S. Yadav, “Advanced Organic Chemistry” Pragati Prakashan, 7^th Edition, 2011

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CHEMISTRY

PRACTICAL-I

           

Acid – Base Titrations

1.                  Estimation of Hydrochloric acid using oxalic acid

2.                  Estimation of sodium Hydroxide using sodium carbonate

3.                  Estimation Borax

Redox Titration

4.                  Estimation of oxalic acid using Mohr’s salt

5.                  Estimation of Calcium

6.                  Estimation of Ferrous Sulphate using oxalic acid

_7.                    Estimation of H₂O₂

8.                  Estimation of copper using Potassium Dichromate

9.                  Estimation of Ferric Iron using Potassium Dichromate

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SEMESTER-I

BOTANY – PAPER-1

PHYCOLOGY (ALGAE), FUNGI AND LICHEN

CODE: I # B1                                                                                         Credits: 4 (3L:0T:1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: Enable the Students to

1.      understand the structure, reproduction, culture, classification and economic importance of Algae, Fungi and Lichen.

2.      studytheclassification,ecology,distribution,morphology and life-cycle of Algae and Fungi.

3.      impart knowledge on distribution,classification,structure, physiology, reproduction and function of lichens and significance of ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza.

Unit – I - Algae.

Classification and general characters of algae(smith 1958) classification; Ecology and distribution; Thallus structure, reserve food materials and life cycles of cyanoplyceae. (Ex.1.Oscillation 2. Nostoc).

Unit – II

Classification,Occurrence,distribution,thallus structure ,pigmentation, reserve food materials and life cycles in cholorphyceae (Ex.1. Chollrella and 2.oedogonium).

Unit – III

Classification,occurrence, distribution, thallus structure, pigmentation,reserve food and  life cycles in pheaophyceae(sargassum)and Rhodophyceae(Gracillaria). Economic importanceof algae with reference to Agar, Alginate and  Oxidation ponds spirullina culture.

Unit - IV – Fungi

General characteristics, ecology and distribution, range of thallus organization, cell wall composition, nutrition, reproduction and classification- life cycle of Alexopolous, Rhizopus, Penicillium and puccinia; Economic importance of Fungi.

Unit – V -- Lichens

Symbiotic Associations – Lichens: Occurrence, thallus organization, classification, physiology, reproduction and role in environment pollution and uses; Mycorrhiza – General account and their significance.

PRACTICAL – I

A detailed study of structure of thallus and reproductive structures of

1.      Oscilatoria.

2.      Nostoc

3.      Chollrella

4.      Oedogonium

5.      Sargassum

6.      Gracillaria

7.      Rhizopus

8.      Pencillium

9.      Puccinia

10.  Alexopolous.

Viewed through the permanent slide and submission of record.

References Books

1.      Vasishta B.R.(1990), Botany for Degree students, Algae. S.Chand &Co.

2.      Singh.V. Pandey P.C and Jain D.K 1998. A Text book of Botany for undergraduate students, Rastogi Publications.

3.      Fritsch F.B. 1945, structure and Reproductiion of Algae Vol.I&II. Cambridge University Press.

4.      Sethi.I.K. and Walia.S.K (2011). Text books of fungi & their Allies. Publishers MacMillan Pvt, Ltd., Delhi.

5.      Alexopoulos C.J, Minus C.W and Blackwell.M (1996). Introductory Mycology (4^th edition), John Wiley and sons (Asia), Singapore.

6.      Pandey B.P(2001). College Botany Vol. I: Algae, Fungi, Lichens and Bacteria.

7.      Vashishta  B.R(1990). Botany for Degree students Fungi. S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.

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SEMESTER-I

ZOOLOGY – PAPER-1

INVERTEBRATA – I

CODE: I # Z1                                                                                     Credits: 4 (3L: 0T: 1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: Enable the Students to

1.      ToenlightenthestudentaboutthediverseformsofInvertebrateanimals which belong to 5 major phyla present around us.

2.      To help our student to distinguish variousInvertebrate animals and to know  the evolutionary sequence of them.

3.    To understand Habitat,Adaptation organization and taxonomicstatusof Invertebrates.

4.      Explaining  the  basic  aspects  of  classification,  structural  and functionaldetailsofInvertebrates.

Unit –I   

Principles of taxonomy – Binomial nomenclature – classification of animal kingdom Phylum protozoa: General characters and classification up to class level, giving examples. Detailed structure and life cycle. General topics: Parasitic protozoan of man, Nutrition in protozoa.

Unit – II 

Phylum Porifera: general characters and classification up to class level giving examples. Type study – Ascon & Sycon – canal system in sponges – economic importance.

Unit – III

Phylum Coelenterata: General characters and classification up to class level giving examples. Type study: Obelia and Aurelia. General structure and life cycle corals and coral reefs – Polymorphism – Economic importance.

Unit – IV

Phylum Platyhelminthes: General characters and classification up to class level giving examples. Type study – Fasciola hepatica & Taenia solium. General structure & life cycle. General topics. Regeneration in Platy helminthes, parasitic adaptation in Platy helminthes.

Unit – V

Phylum Nematoda: General characters and classification up to class level giving examples. Type study: Ascaris – General structure and life cycle.

           

References:

1.      Agarwal, V.K. (2003). Invertebrate Zoology,S.Chand  & company Ltd, New Delhi

2.      Jordan, E.L and Verma, P.S 2009 (Multi colour revised edition). Invertebrate zoology. S. chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi

3.      Nair, N.C Leelavathy, L., Soundara Pandian, N. Murugan, T. and Arumugam, N. (2009). A text book of zoology. Invertebrates, Rastogi publications , New Delhi

4.      Ekambaranatha Ayyar, M., Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (1985). A Manual of Zoology, S.Visvanathan pvt., Chennai.

5.      Kotpal R.L. (2014).Modern Text book of Zoology Invertebrates, Rastogi Publications, Meerut,. 

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Practical:

a.       Classify giving reasons: Paramecium, Obelia (Entire) Sea Anemone, Aurelia, Plasmodium, Ascon, Sycon.

b.      Biological significance:  Paramecium – conjugation and binary fission, sponge – Gemmule, Fasciola hepatica, Tape worm, Ascaris.

c.       Relate the structure and function: Sponge – Spicules, Taenia solium – Scolex

d.      Draw and label the parts: – Planaria – T.S, Fasciola hepatica – T.S, Tape worm – T.S, Ascaris – Male T.S, Ascaris – Female T.S

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