B.Sc., B.Ed. Syllabus - Semester VII

SEMESTER – VII

PEDAGOGY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE – P3

CODE: VI # IPAS3-P3Credits: 1 (0L: 0.5T: 0.5P)

    Hours: 2/Week

Objective: On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

Understand the subject matters at the School level in Physical Science deeply based on the orientation given.

Subject Content on Physical Science Subjects (Physics and Chemistry) at the School Level of Class VI to X will be taught by the Teacher Educators to strengthen the Subject Knowledge of the Student Teachers.

SEMESTER – VII

PEDAGOGY OF MATHEMATICS – P3

CODE: VI # IPAS4-P3Credits: 1 (0L: 0.5T: 0.5P)

Hours: 2/Week

Objective: On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

Understand the subject matters at the School level in Mathematics deeply based on the orientation given.

Subject Content on Mathematics Subject at the School Level of Class VI to X will be taught by the Teacher Educators to strengthen the Subject Knowledge of the Student Teachers.

SEMESTER – VII

PEDAGOGY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE – P3

CODE: VI # IPAS4-P3Credits: 1 (0L: 0.5T: 0.5P)

Hours: 2/Week

Objective: On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

Understand the subject matters at the School level in Biological Science (Botany and Zoology) deeply based on the orientation given.

Subject Content on Biological Science (Botany & Zoology) Subjects at the School Level of Class VI to X will be taught by the Teacher Educators to strengthen the Subject Knowledge of the Student Teachers.

SEMESTER-VII

MATHEMATICS – PAPER - XI

MECHANICS

CODE: VII#M11                                                                              Credits: 3 (2L:1T:0P)

Hours: 4/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.      understand some real life problems

2.      understand the basic concepts of forces, moments, friction

3.      know the application of Mathematics.

UNIT – I   : Forces: Linear momentum – friction – laws of friction- angle and cone of

friction.  Resultant of two, three and several forces acting on a particle Equilibrium of a particle: Triangle law of forces and its converse – Lami’s  theorem, equilibrium of a particle under several forces – Limiting equilibrium of a  particle on an inclined plane

Chapter 2: Section 2.1,2.2                 Chapter 3: Sections 3.1, 3.2                         

UNIT – II:  Forces on a rigid body: Moment of a force- General Motion of a rigid body –

equation of motion of a rigid body (statement only)- equivalent systems of  forces resultant of Like and Unlike parallel forces – Varignon’s theorem Chapter 4 : Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

UNIT – III: Kinematics: Velocity-resultant Velocity- relative velocity-Acceleration-velocity

and acceleration in a coplanar motion-Angular velocity-Relative angular velocity.  

Chapter 1 – Sec 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4.                                                               

UNIT – IV:  Impact: Impulsive force-Laws of impact- Direct and oblique impact of smooth

spheres-Impulse: Loss of kinetic energy due to impact.

Chapter 14 – Sec 14.1,14.2,14.3,14.5(Omit 14.4)                                     

UNIT – V: Central Orbits: General Orbits- central force- Differential equation of a central

orbit-Law of central force- Method to find the central orbit-Conic as a central  orbit-Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Chapter 16 - Sec 16.1,16.2,16.3.

Reference Books:

·         Duraipandian, P. Laxmi Pandian, Muthamizh Jayapragasam. (2005).Mechanics (6^th Revised Edition ), New Delhi: S.Chand and Co.

·         Dharmapadam, A.V. (1991), Mechanics, Chennai, S. Viswanathan and Co.,

·         Viswanath Naik, K. (2000), Statics, Chennai, Emerald Publishers (Reprint).

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SEMESTER-VII

PHYSICS – PAPER - 8

RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

CODE: VII # P8                                                                                   Credits: 4 (3L:0T:1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

·         understand the concepts of wave mechanics, dualistic nature of Nature.

·         understand the physical implications of wave functions, expectation value, linkage between classical and quantum physics.

·         apply the Schrödinger equation to 1D and 3D physical systems

·         learn the 4D space and changes from our common sense.

UNIT - I: Origin of Quantum Mechanics

Introduction - expression for group velocity - experimental study of matter waves - Properties of wave functions. Phase velocity - wave velocity – group velocity- relation between group velocity and phase velocity. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle - Mathematical proof of uncertainty principle for one dimensional wave packet - wave particle duality.

UNIT - II: General Formalism

Basic postulates - derivation of time dependent Schrödinger’s equation - Probability current density - Ehrenfest’s theorem- Commutator algebra - form of wave function in terms of definite momentum - probability density - properties of energy eigen values.

UNIT-III: One Dimensional Schroedinger Problems

Particle in a box - Infinite square well potential - potential step. The free particle - rectangular potential well- Finite square potential well. Barrier penetration problem. Linear harmonic Oscillator - Comparison of classical and quantum ideas.

UNIT-IV: Spherically Symmetric Potential Problems

Wave mechanical atom model - The hydrogen atom - normalized wave function of the Hydrogen atom - Expression for energy of the electron of the Hydrogen atom in the ground state - Significance of various quantum numbers - electron probability density -Orbital angular momentum - expression for eigen values of L2 and L - Rigid rotator.

UNIT - V: Relativity

Introduction - Frame of reference - Newtonian relativity – Galilean Transformation equations - The Ether hypothesis - The Michelson –Morley experiment - Special theory of relativity - The Lorentz Transformation equations - Length contraction - Time Dilation - relativity of simultaneity - addition of velocities - variation of mass with velocity - Mass Energy equivalence - Minkowski’s Four dimensional Space-Time continuum.

Reference Books

·         R Murugesan & Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, Modern physics, S Chand & Co, New Delhi, Edition 2010.

Physics Practicals – VII

Paper – VII

Any Seven Practicals

1.      Hartley oscillator.

2.      B.G – absolute M.

3.      B.G – absolute C.

4.      B.G – resistance and figure of merit (condenser method ).

5.      B.G -  high resistance by leakage.

6.      Sonometer -  AC frequency determination.

7.      P.O box temperature co-efficient.

8.      Surface tension -  drop weight method.

9.      Resonators.

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SEMSTER-Vii

Chemistry – paper-vii

chemistry of NATURAL PRODUCTS

CODE: VII # C7                                                                                  Credits: 4 (3L: 0T: 1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Course objective: To understand what are carbohydrates proteins amino acid, alkaloids, terpenoide their classification structure, elucidation and to   know about dyes

Unit – I: Carbohydrates

Classification – Constitution of glucose and fructose. Reactions of glucose and fructose-osazone formation. Mutarotation and its mechanism. Cyclic structure. Pyranose and furanose forms. Determination of ring size. Haworth projection:   formula. D and L configuration of monosaccharides – epimerisation, chain lengthening and chain shortening of aldoses. Inter conversion of aldoses and ketoses.

Unit – II: Amino Acids and Proteins

Aminoacids and proteins - Classification of amino acids. Essential and nonessential amino acids, preparation of alpha aminoacids, properties and reactions. Zwitter ions, isoelectric points - Peptide synthesis - structure determination of polypeptides - end group analysis.

Unit – III: Vitamins and Alkaloids

Vitamins:- classification, biological importance of vitamins A, B₁, B₂, B₆, B₁₂ and C. General methods of isolation and general methods of structure determination of conine, piperine and nicotine.

Unit – IV: Terpenoids

Isoprene rule, special isoprene rule, Structural elucidations of - Geraniol, menthol and alpha terpineol.

Unit – V: Dyes and Pigments

Theory of colour and constitution. Calssification - according to structure and method of application. Preparation and uses of 1) Azo dye-methyl orange and Bismark brown 2) Triphenyl methane dye Malachite green. 3) Phthalein dye - phenolphthalein and fluroescein 4) Vat dye - indigo 5) Anthraquinone dye - alizarin.

Text Book:

·         Ashutosh Kaur. “Chemistry of Natural Products” Vol. I & II. B. S. publishers. 2^nd edition, 2012.

Reference Books:

·         Jagadamba Singh. “Natural Products Chemistry” Pragati Prakashan,2^nd edition 2012.

·         O. P. Aggarwal. “Chemistry of Natural Products” Vol. I & II. Goel publishers. 41^st edition. 2009.

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CHEMISTRY

PRACTICAL-VII

Heterogeneous equilibria:

1.      Phenol-water system – CST

2.      Effect of Impurity- 2% NaCl or succinic acid solutions on phenol-determination of the concentration of the given solution.

3.      Determination of transition temperature of the given salt hydrate. Na₂S₂O₃. 5H₂O, CH₃COONa. 3H₂O, SrCl₂ 6H₂O, MnCl₂ 4H₂O.

4.      Molecular weight of a solute-Rast’s method using naphthalene, m-dinitrobenzene and diphenyl as solvents.

5.      Determination of strength of a strong acid by conduct metric titration (HCl vs NaOH).

6.      Determination of the strength of Fe (II) by potentiometric redox titration.

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SEMESTER-VII

BOTANY – PAPER - VIII

PLANT ECOLOGY & CONSERVATION

CODE: VII # B8                                                                                   Credits: 4 (3L:0T:1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.      realize the valuesof plants and animals of the ecosystem

2.      know about the hazards of pollution and the importance of keeping his/her environment clean

3.      know in detail onvarious types of vegetation

4.      know about his/her environment and mould the students to become managers of various ecological systems

Unit - I

General Ecology – Approaches to the study of Ecology, Autecology– Synecology, Plant environment–climatic, edaphic and Biotic factors (interference on Plant habitat by animals–Grazing and browsing,by humans–deforestation, Agriculture), Allelopathy.

Unit - II

Ecosystem concept– components abiotic-biotic-autotrophic producers & heterotroophic   consumers,   biomass-ecological   pyramids,   Productivity  – primary, secondary & gross; food chain– food web &energy flow– pond ecosystem.

Unit - III

Vegetation – Units ofvegetation– formation, association, consociation, society– Development of vegetation: Migration– colonization, ecesis,Methods of study of vegetation  (Quadrat  &  transect). Plantsuccession –Hydrosere&xerosere. Ecological classificationof Plants; Morphological and anatomicalfeatures of plants and their correlation to the habitat.

Unit - IV

Pollution and its control: Air pollution, Radiation pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution-Soil pollution: Industrial, agrochemicals (insecticides, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides).  Water  pollution – Industrial  effluents. Marine pollution.

Unit - V

Phytogeography-ApproachestoPhytogeography–Climateof India&itsclimatic zones,  Botanical  regions  (provinces)  of  India –Vegetationaltypesof TamilNadu: Evergreen, deciduous, scrub &Mangrove,  Continuous and discontinuous distribution.  Endemism.In situandex situconservation. Application of remote sensing in conservation.

Reference Books:

PLANT ECOLOGY &   CONSERVATION

·         Agrawal, K.C. (1987). Environmental Biology. Agro Botanical Publisher, India.

·         Arumugam,N.(1994).ConceptsofEcology(EnvironmentalBiology).Saras Publications, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu.

·         Cain, S.A. (1944).Foudations ofPlantGeography. Harper &Brothers, N.Y.

·         Chandrasekaran,P.(1996).ChutruchchoozhalMaasupadu(Environmental Pollution) T.K. Printers, Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu.

·         Good,R.(1997).TheGeographyoffloweringPlants(2nd Edn.).Longmans, Green & Co., Inc., London & Allied Science Publishers, New Delhi.

·         Kumar, H.D. (1992).Modern Concepts ofEcology(7thEdn.). Vikas Publishing Co., New Delhi.

·         Mani, M.S. (1974).Ecology&Biogeography ofIndia. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Haque.

·         Odum,E.P.(1971).FundamentalsofEcology(2nd Edn.).Saunders&Co., Philadelphia & Natraj Publishers, Dehradun.

·         Sharma,P.D.(2000).Ecology&Environment.RastogiPublications,Meerut, India.

·         Sundaram,R.(1972).ThaavaraChuyachChoozhnilaiyiyal.TamilnaduText Book Society.

·         Vashishta, P.C. (1990). PlantEcology. VishalPublications, Delhi, Jalandhar.

·         Verma,P.S.andAgarwal,V.K.(1999).Conceptof  Ecology(Enviromental Biology). S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.

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PRACTICAL - VIII

PAPER – VIII:  PLANT ECOLOGY & CONSERVATION

1.         Study of morphological and anatomical features of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

2.         Study of morphological features of epiphytes, parasites and halophytes.

3.         Study of vegetation by the quadrat and line transect method.

4.         Estimation of frequency, density & Dominance.

5.         Determination of soil & water pH.

6.         The light and dark bottle experiment for primary productivity study in the aquatic ecosystem.

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SEMESTER – VII  

ZOOLOGY – PAPER – VIII

GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

CODE: VII # Z8                                                                                    Credits: 4 (3L:0T:1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.      get overview of genes, mutations, sex determination and patterns of inheritance.

2.      understand the chromosomal inheritance and expression of human genetic characters and disorders.

3.      understand the evolution of life.

Unit – I

Mendel’s principles and applications. Linkage and crossing over -chromosome theory of linkage, kinds of linkage, linkage groups, types of crossing over, mechanism of meiotic crossing over, kinds of crossing over, theories about the mechanism of crossing over, cytological detection of crossing over, significance of crossing over.  Chromosome mapping - Gene mapping.

Unit – II

Chromosomal variation in Number & Structure – Euploidy, Non-disjunction & Aneuploidy.  Chromosomal  deletions  &  duplications,  inversions  & translocations. Gene mutations. Mutagens. Human Cyto-Genetics - human traits – Human karyotype, Banding techniques, classification, Genetic diseases (gout, hypercholesterolemia, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy), syndromes (Down, Klinfelter, and Turner), and congenital anomalies.

Unit – III

Molecular genetics: Structures and replication of DNA. Types and structure of RNA. Organization and functions of genetic materials- Chromatin, nuclear and mitochondrial genome. Gene paradox, Repetitive DNA, Satellite DNA, Overlapping genes, Split genes, Pseudogenes. Fine structure of gene – cistron, recon and muton - Gene expression and regulation in prokaryotes – Operon model – Lac and Trp Operon – Gene regulation in Eukaryotes. Gene amplification.

Unit - IV

Chemical origin of life; Evidences – Morphological, Embryological, Biochemical and Paleontological evidences. Fossil and Fossilization, Dating of Fossils. Lamarck, Darwin and De Veries Theories of Evolution and their modern concepts.

Unit – V

Mimicry and animal colouration;Speciation and Species Concepts;Isolating mechanisms;Hardy Weinberg Principle;Gene pool and Gene frequency.Evolution of Man.

References:

•         Kumar, H.D. (1998). Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Vikas publishing House.

•         Lewin, B. (1998). Gene VI . New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Ltd.,

•         Rothwell, N.V. (1979). Human Genetics. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.

•         Gupta P.K. (1996). Genetics. Meerunt: Rastogi publication, Shivaji Road.

•         Strickberger, M.W. (2002). Genetics (3rd edition). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.

•         Friefelder, D. (1997). Microbial Genetics. New Delhi: Narosa Publishing.

•         Arumugam, N. (1989). Organic Evolution. Nagarcoil: Saras Publication.

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PRACTICAL – VIII

PAPER – VIII:  GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

1.      Recording of Mendelian traits in Man, Blood grouping of man.

2.      Models:

Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses. Karyotypes of normal male and female. Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome and Down’s syndrome. Drosophila- Male and  female  identification,  Genetic  importance,  Mutants  (Wing,  body  colour,  eye colour). Models for DNA, RNA, tRNA Structure and DNA replication.

3.      Spotters:

Protective coloration -Leaf insects, Stick insects, Chameleon, Hippocampus, Pepper moth. Mimicry: Monarch and Viceroy butterfly. Quantum evolution; Bat, Pteropus.

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