B.Sc., B.Ed. Syllabus - Semester V

SEMESTER – V

PLANNING FOR ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

CODE: V # IPAS2                                                                        Credits: 4 (3L: 0.5T: 0.5P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

 

1. define the concepts related to educational measurement, assessment and evaluation.
2. explain and use the different types evaluation.
3. use  taxonomy of Educational Objectives and develop skills of writing instructional objectives.
4. explain and use different types of tests to assess learning.
5. construct  blue print and develop skills of planning and administering class room tests.

 

UNIT-I: Measurement and Evaluation

Meaning and definition of Measurement, Assessment and Evaluation. Relationship among Measurement Assessment and Evaluation. Need and importance, Principles – Uses of Evaluation.

UNIT-II: Types of Evaluation

Types of Evaluation –– Internal and External, Formal and Informal, Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation, Formative and Summative, Norm Referenced and Criterion Referenced.

UNIT-III: Recent Reforms in Examination Practices

Innovative Examination Practices – Spot Valuation, Flying Squad, Dummy Numbers. Computerisation in Examination Practices – On line Examination and Publication of results. Credit system - Semester and Public examination – Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) – Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) - Open Book Examinations.  

UNIT-IV: Educational and Psychological Tests

              Tests – Purpose – Objectives– need and Importance of conducting different types of tests - Achievement test, Diagnosis test, Prognostic test, Intelligence test, Aptitude test, Attitude test and Personality test.  Testing Methods – Oral, Written and Performance Test.

UNIT V - Planning for Constructing Achievement Tests

Various types of test items – Objective type test items - Completion, Matching, Two Choice, Multiple Choice and others - Subjective type test items – Essay and Short Answer - Question Bank. Steps in test construction – Table of specifications, Blue Print – Item Writing – Revising Items - Scoring – Marking, Grading - Item Analysis– Interpretation and Follow Up. Characteristics of a good measuring instrument – validity, reliability, feasibility and objectivity.

References:

• Agarwal, J.C. (2009). Essentials of Educational System, Vikas Publishers House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
• Bhattia, K.K. (2008). Measurement & Evaluation in Education, Tandon Publications, Ludhiana.
• George, David. (2008). Trends in Measurement & Evaluation techniques, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi.
• Goswami, Marami. (2011). Measurement & Evaluation in Psychology and Education, Neelkamal Publication, New Delhi.
• Linn, Robert L. (2008). Measurement & Assessment in Teaching, Dorling Kuderslay, New Delhi.
• Mangal, S.K. (2009). Statistics in Psychology and Education, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
• Metha, D.D. (2006). Educational Measurement & Evaluation, Tandon Publications, Ludhiyana.
• Mrunalini, T. (2010). Educational Evaluation, Neelkamal Publications, New Delhi.
• Sidhu, K.S. (2007). New approaches to measurement & Evaluation, Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
• Singh, Raj, (2008). Techniques of Measurement & Evaluation, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi.
• Smith, D. (2007). History of Measurement & Evaluation, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi.
• Smith, D. (2008). Theory of Educational Measurement, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi.
• Walton, John.A. (2008). Educational Objectives & Achievement testing, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi.

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SEMESTER – V

PEDAGOGY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE – P1

CODE: V # IPAS3-P1Credits: 4 (3L: 0.5T: 0.5P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

1.      know the nature and scope of Physical Science;

2.      understand the aims and objectives of teaching Physical Science;

3.      list and classify the diversified needs of students;

4.      explain the methods of teaching Physical Science;

5.      understand and identify various teaching aids;

6.      implement the  knowledge of  Learner Controlled Instruction, Co operative and Collaborative Learning effectively for better curriculum transaction.

UNIT-I: Nature and Scope of Physical Science

Science as a product and a process: a body of knowledge, a way of investigation, a way of thinking – Characteristics of a person with scientific attitude – Interdisciplinary Approach- Implications of the nature of Science for a Science teacher.

UNIT-II: Objectives of Teaching Physical Science and Teaching skills

Need and significance of teaching Physical Science -Aims: practical, social, disciplinary and cultural - Teaching objectives: General Learning Outcomes(G.L.O’s) and behavioral or Specific Learning Outcomes (S.L.O’s) relating to the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain based on Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Anderson revised taxonomy. Teaching skills: Micro teaching: Origin, Need, Phases, Definition, Characteristics, Process, Cycle, A Plan of action, Advantage of Micro teaching and its Uses-Skills : Explaining, Questioning , Blackboard usage, probing question, Reinforcement, Stimulus variation -Link lesson.

UNIT-III: Methods of Teaching Physical Science

Teacher and Student centered Methods- Lecture method- Lecture Demonstration method- Heuristic method- Project method- Biographical method- Inductive-deductive method- Historical method-Assignment method- Significance of employing different methods in teaching of Physical Science.

UNIT-IV: Teaching Aids

Concept of Teaching Aids- Importance of using aids in the  teaching of Physical Science-  Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience-  Principles for selection of Teaching Aids- Classification of Teaching Aids-  Visual Aids- Chalkboard, Bulletin Board, Flannel Board, Chart, Flash Cards, Posters, Models, Specimens, Objects, Diorama, Graphs, Filmstrip Projector, Slide Projector, Epidiascope, Overhead Projector- Audio Aids- Radio, Tape Recorder, Audio-Visual  Aids- Television, Computer, Documentaries, Motion Pictures – Criteria for selection of appropriate teaching aids.

UNIT-V: Exploring learner

Focusing on Interest, Attitudes, and Motivation of students. Developing listening, and questioning skill among teachers and students. Negotiating with learner’s meaning- initial assessment (Entry behavior)- methods of negotiations- process of negotiating goals and targets- advantages of negotiation. Exit behavior. Grouping students based on ability. Individual difference – meaning, identification of gifted and slow learner. Enrichment and remedial teaching methods for differently abled students. Activities to enrich physical science learning – Techniques to tackle individually different students: Assistive learning, supplementary text material, summer programmes, correspondence course.

References:

·         Anderson, R.D et. al.(1992). Issues of Curriculum Reform in Science, Mathematics and Higher Order Thinking- Across the Disciplines- The Curriculum Reform Project. U.S.A.: University of Colorado.

·         Carin., & Sund.R. (1989). Teaching Modern Science.U.S.A : Merill Publishing Co.

·         Chauhan, S.S. (1985). Innovation in Teaching and Learning Process. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.

·         Gupta,S.K.(1985). Training of Physical Science in Secondary Schools. New Delhi: Sterling Publication (Pvt) Limited.

·         Harms, N., & Yager, R. (1981). What Research Says to the Science Teacher? Vol. 3, U.S.A: National Science Teachers Association.

·         Heiss, Oboum., & Hoffman.(1961).Modern Science Teaching. New York: Macmillan & Co, Limited.

·         Husen, T., & Keeves, J.P., (Ed.). (1991). Issues in Science Education. London: Pergamon Press.

·         Jenkins, E.W. (2000). Innovations in Science and Technology Education. Vol. VII, Paris: UNESCO.

·         Joseph.(1966). The Teaching of Science. London: Harvard University Press.

·         Khana, S.D., Sexena, V.R. Lamba, T.P., & Murthy, V. (1976). Technology of Teaching. Doaba Publishing House.

·         Mangal S.K., & Uma Mangal. (1999). Essentials of Educational Technology. New Delhi: PHI Learning (P) Ltd.

·         Natrajan,C. (Ed.). (1997). Activity Based Foundation Course on Science Technology and Society. Mumbai: HomiBhaba Centre for Science Education.

·         Nayak.  (2003). Teaching of Physics. New Delhi: APH Publications.

·         Owen, C.B. (1966). Method of Science Mastery. English Language Society and Macmillan Company Limited.

·         Pandey. (2003). Major Issues in Science Teaching. New Delhi: Sumit Publications.

·         Paneerselvam, A., & Rajendiran,K. (2005). Teaching of Physical Science. Chennai: Shantha Publication.

·         PanneerSelvam, A. (1976). Teaching of Physical Science (Tamil). Chennai: Government of Tamil Nadu.

·         Doals House.

·         SonikaRajan. (2012). Methodology of Teaching Science.New Delhi:Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd.

·         Thurber,W.A., &Collette,A.T.(1964). Teaching Science in Today's Secondary School. NewDelhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.

·         Williams, B., (1999). Internet for Teachers. London: John Wiley & Sons.

·         Yadav, M.S. (2003). Teaching of Science. New Delhi: Anmol Publications.

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SEMESTER – V

PEDAGOGY OF MATHEMATICS – P1

CODE: V # IPAS4-P1Credits: 4 (3L: 0.5T: 0.5P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

           

1.      understand the nature and scope of Mathematics.

2.      comprehend the aims and objectives of teaching Mathematics;

3.      explore different methods of teaching and learning in Mathematics;

4.      recognise different approaches and strategies in teaching and learning of mathematical concepts;

5.      organise various learning resources;

6.      integrate the knowledge of Instruction (Teacher Controlled, Learner Controlled and Group Controlled) effectively for better curriculum transaction.

UNIT-I: Nature and Scope of Mathematics

Meaning, Definition and Scope of Mathematics - Importance of learning Mathematics -Structure, Abstractness, Symbolism, Precision - Mathematics as a science of measurement and quantification - Aesthetic sense in Mathematics - Mathematics and its relationship with other disciplines.

UNIT-II: Objectives of Teaching Mathematics and Teaching skills

Need and significance of teaching Mathematics -Aims: practical, social, disciplinary and cultural - Teaching objectives: General Learning Outcomes(G.L.O’s) and behavioral or Specific Learning Outcomes (S.L.O’s) relating to the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain based on Taxonomy of Educational Objectives-Anderson revised taxonomy. Teaching skills: Micro teaching: Origin, Need, Phases, Definition, Characteristics, Process, Cycle, A Plan of action, Advantage of Micro teaching and its Uses-Skills : Explaining, Questioning , Blackboard usage, probing question, Reinforcement, Stimulus variation -Link lesson.

UNIT-III: Methods of Teaching in Mathematics

Inductive, Deductive, Analytic, Synthetic, Heuristic, Project, Problem solving and laboratory methods of teaching mathematics- Activity Based Learning (ABL)- Simplified Active Learning Methods (SALM)- Applications of ABL and SALM- Format of a typical lesson plan based on SALM- Introduction; Evocation, Recall, Survey- Understanding; Concept, Teacher and Individual solving Problem-Group Work, Presentation-Evaluation: Reinforcement, Homework, Remedial measures.

UNIT-IV: Teaching Aids in Mathematics

Edgar dale’s cone of experience - Instructional material or teaching aids employed in Mathematics teaching : Blackboard of Chalk Board, Bulletin Board, Flannel Board,  pictures, Graphs, Charts, Diagrams, Photographs, Cartoons, Posters, Flask cards, Newspapers, Models, Dioramas, Slides, Filmstrips, Transparencies, Scrap Book, Epidiascope, Projectors Radio, Tape Recorder, Television, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), Video Tape or Cassette Recorder (VCR), DVD, MP-3VCD, Motion Pictures and Computers. Importance of TLMs in classroom transaction - No cost and low cost materials- Contextual and local-specific TLMs - Collection, preparation, storing and use of TLMs.

UNIT-V: Exploring learners

Focusing on Interest, Attitudes, and Motivation of students. Developing listening, and questioning skill among teachers and students. Negotiating with learner’s meaning- initial assessment (Entry behavior)- methods of negotiations- process of negotiating goals and targets- advantages of negotiation. Exit behavior. Grouping students based on ability: Individual difference – meaning, identification of gifted and slow learner. Enrichment and remedial teaching methods for differently able students. Activities to enrich mathematics learning – Techniques to tackle individually different students: Assistive learning, supplementary text material, summer programmes, correspondence course.

References:

·         Aggarwal,J.C.(2008).Teaching of Mathematics. Uttar Pradesh:Vikas publishing House Pvt Ltd.

·         Bagyanathan,D.(2007).Teaching of Mathematics.Chennai:Tamil Nadu Text Book Society.

·         Bhatia,K.K.(2001).Foundations of Teaching Learning Process. Ludhiana:Tandon Publication.

·         Bishop,G.D.(1965).Teaching Mathematics in Secondary School. London: Collins publication.

·         Bolt,B.(2003).Mathematical Pandora's box. NewDelhi:Cambridge University press.

·         Boyer, Carl B. (1969). A History of Mathematics. New York: WileyPublications.

·         Butter,C.H. (1965).The Teaching of Secondary Mathematics.London:McGraw Hill book company.

·         Driscoll, M.(1999). Fostering Algebraic Thinking: A Guide for teachers, grades 5-10. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Publications.

·         Ediger,M.,&BhaskaraRao, D.B.(2004).Teaching Mathematics Successfully. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.

·         Goel, Amit. (2006). Learn and Teach Mathematics. Delhi: Authors press.

·         Grouws, D.A. (1992). Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing.

·         Gupta H.N., & Shankaran V. (1984). Content cum Methodology of Teaching Mathematics.New Delhi: NCERT.

·         Hoglum,L. (1967). Mathematics for the Million. London: Pan Books Limited.

·         Iyengar, K.N. (1964).Teaching of Mathematics. New Delhi: A Universal Publication.

·         James,  Anice. (2005). Teaching of Mathematics. New Delhi: Neelkamal Publication.

·         Joyce,  well.(2004).Models of Teaching.  London: Prentice hall of India.

·         Kapur S.K. (2005).Learn and Teach Vedic Mathematics. New Delhi: Lotus Publication.

·         Kulshreshtha, Teaching of Mathematics.London: R. Lal and Sons.

·         Kumar Sudhir, Teaching of Mathematics.New Delhi: Anmol Publications.

·         Land,F.W.(1966). New approaches to Mathematics Teaching. New Delhi: MacMillan and St.Martin's press. .

·         Mangal S.K. (2013).Teaching of Mathematics.Ludhiana:  Tandon publications.

·         Mangal,S.K.,&Mangal,S.(2005). Essentials of Educational Technology and Management. Meerut: Loyal book depot.

·         Muijs, Daniel.,& Reynolds, David. (2005). Effective Teaching: Evidence and Practice.London: Sage Publication.

·         Nickson, Marilyn. (2000).Teaching and Learning Mathematics: A Guide to Recent Research and Its Applications. New York: Continuum Press.

·         Nunes, T., & Bryant, P. ((1997). Learning and Teaching Mathematics: An International Perspective. London: Psychology Press.

·         Parthasarathy,N. (1961). KanithamKarpithal. Chennai: The South India SaivaSidhantha works. .

·         Pratap,N.(2008).Teaching of Mathematics. Meerut:R.Lall Books depot.

·         Schwartz,  James E.(1994). Essentials of Classroom Teaching Elementary Mathematics. London: Allyn and  Bacon Publication.

·         Sharan,R., &Sharma,M. (2006).Teaching of Mathematics, New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation.

·         Sharma,R.A. (2008).Technological Foundations of Education. Meerut:R.Lall Books Depot.

·         Siddizui, M.H.(2005).Teaching of Mathematics.New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation.

·         Sidhu,K.S. (2006).Teaching of Mathematics. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers private limited.

·         Singh,M. (2006).Modern Teaching of Mathematics. New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.

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SEMESTER – V

PEDAGOGY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE – P1

CODE: V # IPAS4-P1Credits: 4 (3L: 0.5T: 0.5P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: On completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to

           

1.      explain the nature and scope of biological science;

2.      acquire knowledge about aims and objectives of teaching of biological science;

3.      explore the need of the learners;

4.      recognize the new trends in curriculum transaction;

5.      organize the teaching aids to support learning;

6.      integrate the  Learner Controlled Instruction:- Co operative and Collaborative Learning effectively for better curriculum transaction.

UNIT-I: Nature, Scope and Place of Biological Science

Introduction- Development of science education after Independence, National Policy on Education, and relationship of biology with other branches of science. The importance of Biological Science as a subject of study – Interdisciplinary approach – need and current trends - Its history and development –Science education in India –National Knowledge Commission on Science Education. Bio Science and society – origin of life and biodiversity.

UNIT-II: Objectives of Teaching Biological Science and Teaching skills

Need and significance of teaching Biological Science -Aims: practical, social, disciplinary and cultural - Teaching objectives: General Learning Outcomes(G.L.O’s) and behavioral or Specific Learning Outcomes (S.L.O’s) relating to the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain based on Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Anderson revised taxonomy. Teaching skills: Micro teaching: Origin, Need, Phases, Definition, Characteristics, Process, Cycle, A Plan of action, Advantage of Micro teaching and its Uses-Skills : Explaining, Questioning , Blackboard usage, probing question, Reinforcement, Stimulus variation -Link lesson.

UNIT-III: Methods of Teaching Biological Science

Introduction: i) Teacher Centered Method    ii) Pupil Centered Method Teacher Centered Method- Lecture Method; Lecture Demonstration Method, Discussion Method, Supervised Study Method. Pupil Centered Method – Problem-Solving method, Project Method,  Inductive and Deductive Method, Heuristic method, Discovery Method, Demonstration Method, Story Telling Method.

UNIT-IV: Instructional Aids

Introduction: Meaning, importance & Advantages of using Instructional Aids – Edgar Dale’s Cone of Learning Experience – Principles of selection and uses of Teaching Aids - Projective and Non Projective aids – current trends in educational technology – Different types of Boards, Charts, models, Objects, Specimens, slides, transparencies, films, filmstrips, motion pictures, documentaries, graphs, LCD projectors, Computer Aided Instructions, Animations, Power Point Presentations, interactive board, interactive video, Smart Board,  internet usage, smart classroom.

Museum: The place and importance of school and public museums – Preparation of museum materials – dry and wet mounts, injected specimens

UNIT-V: Exploring learners

Focusing on Interest, Attitudes, and Motivation of students. Developing listening, and questioning skill among teachers and students. Negotiating with learner’s meaning- initial assessment (Entry behavior)- methods of negotiations- process of negotiating goals and targets- advantages of negotiation. Exit behavior. Grouping students based on ability. Individual difference – meaning, identification of gifted and slow learner. Enrichment and remedial teaching methods for differently abled students. Activities to enrich biological  science learning – Techniques to tackle individually different students: Assistive learning, supplementary text material, summer programmes, correspondence course.

References:

·         Aggarwal .D.D. (2008).Modern Method of Teaching Biology. New Delhi: Karanpaper backs.

·         Arulselvi, E. (2007).Teaching of Science. Chennai: Saradha Publication.

·         Bhandala, Chadha., & Khanna. (1985).Teaching Of Science.New Delhi: PrakashBrothers Educational Publishers.

·         Bhatnakar,A.D. (2004). Teaching of Science. Meerut: Surya Publications.

·         Buffaloe, Neal.,&Throneberry, J. B. (1972). Principles of Biologyteaching. New Delhi: Prentice – Hall of India Limited.

·         Frost Jenny., & Turner Tony. (2005).Learning to teach Science inSecondary school.New York:  Routledge Palmer Publication.

·         Garrett. (1979). Statistics in Psychology and Education. Bombay: Vakils, Feffer and Simons Ltd.

·         Green, T. L. (1965). The teaching of biology in tropical secondary schools. London: Oxford University Press.

·         Harms, N., &Yager, R. (1981). What research says to the scienceteacher (Vol. 3). Washingdon: National Science Teachers Association.

·         Heiss. E. D., Obown, S., &Hoftman, C. W. (1961). Modern scienceteaching.New Delhi: Macmillian Company Press.

·         Khana, S.D,et al. (1976). Technology of science teaching.New Delhi: Doaba House. Natrajan, C. (1997). Activity based foundation course on sciencetechnology and society. Mumbai: Homi Bhaba Centre for Science Education.

·         Korde., & Sawant.(1980).Science and Scientific Method.New Delhi: Himalaya Publishing House.

·         Passi, B. K. (1976). Becoming a Better Teacher: Micro teaching approach. Ahemedabad: Sahitya Mudranalaya.

·         Prasad Janardhan. (1999).Practical aspects in Teaching of Science. New Delhi: Kanishka Publication.

·         Saunders, H. N. (1967). The teaching of general science in tropicalsecondary school. London: Oxford University Press.

·         Sharma, Jagdish. (2006).Models of Teaching Science. Jaipur: Raj Publishing House.

·         Veena Rani Pandey. (2004).Major Issues in Science Teaching. Summit Enterprises.

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SEMESTER-V

MATHEMATICS – PAPER - VIII

VECTOR CALCULUS AND GEOMETRY

CODE: V#M8                                                                                   Credits: 3 (2L:1T:0P)

Hours: 4/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1. learn the topic on vector calculus

2. understand the fundamental concepts of vector calculus and polar co-ordinate geometry

3. apply the knowledge of polar co-ordinate gained, to solve various problems

4. apply the various techniques of vector integration in solving volume and surface integrals

UNIT – I   : Vector Differentiation: Directional Derivative, Unit normal to the surface,

equation of tangent plane to a surface, equation of normal to a surface , Divergence, Curl, Laplace operators                                                                                        

UNIT – II:   Evaluation of line integral, surface integral and volume integral               

UNIT – III: Application of Green’s theorem, Guass-Divergence theorem, Strokes theorem

(proofs of theorems not included), simple problems 

           

UNIT-IV: Polar co-ordinates: Distance between the points, area of triangles-equation of

straight line, circle and Conic

UNIT-V: Planes: General Equation of a plane, Angle between two planes, to find the

equation of the plane which bisects the angle between two given planes, Condition for a homogeneous equation of the second degree to represent a pair of planes, simple problems.                  

Reference Books:

·         P. Duraipandian & Laxmi Duraipandian, Vector Analysis, Emerald Publisher.

·         T.K. Manicavachagam Pillay&others, Revised edition, Reprint 2001, Analytical Geometry of two dimensions,  S.  Vishwanathan Printers and publishers pvt.ltd, Chennai

·         P.R. Vittal, Vector analysis, Analytical solid geometry and sequences and series.

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SEMESTER-V

MAJOR-BASED ELECTIVE - I

MATHEMATICS – PAPER - IX

OPERATIONS RESEARCH

CODE: V#M9.1                                                                                Credits: 3 (2L:1T:0P)

Hours: 4/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1. develop computational skills

2. develop logical thinking in formulating industry oriented problems

3. apply these techniques in real life situations

UNIT – I:  Linear programming: General LPP- Mathematical formulation-Solution for LPP

by Graphical Method and Simplex Method (finite optimal solution, unbounded solution, alternative optimal solution)- slack and surplus variables – solution for LPP with unrestricted variables                                               

UNIT – II:  Artificial Variable Technique- Big-M Method (Charner’s Penalty Method) –

concept of Duality- Dual theorem only statement- Reading solution from  the dual from the final simplex table of the primal and vice-versa             

UNIT – III: Transportation problem-Assignment problem.                                      

UNIT – IV: Sequencing Problem – n jobs through 2 machines-n jobs through 3 machines-

two jobs and m machines; Game Theory – Two-person zero-sum game with saddle point- without saddle point-dominance property-solving 2 x n or m x 2 game by graphical method.                                                                                             

UNIT – V: PERT & CPM -  Project network diagram & its rules-Fulkerson’s rule-time

estimate and critical path in network analysis – floats - forward pass and back pass

computations. PERT – optimistic time-most likely time-pessimistic time- expected

duration and variance-difference between PERT and CPM. .                      

Reference Books:

·         R.K. Gupta, Operations Research, 12^th  edition, Krishna Prakash

·         Gupta P.K & Hira D.S (2000) Problems in Operations Research, S.Chand & Co, Delhi

·         S.D. Sharma, Operations Research, 8^th  edition , Kedhar Nath Ram Nath & co, Meerut                                                                                                                          

·         Taha , 6^th Edition, Operation Research, Printice Hall, New Delhi

·         V.Sundaresan, K.S. Ganapathy Subramanian, & K.Ganesan, Resource Management Techniques (Operations Research), Reprint June 2002, A.R. Publications, Nagapattinum District 

·         Prem Kumar Gupta , D,S, Hira , Operations Research,S,Chand & Company Ltd, Delhi

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SEMESTER-V

MAJOR-BASED ELECTIVE - II

MATHEMATICS – PAPER - IX

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

CODE: V#M9.2                                                                                Credits: 3 (2L:1T:0P)

Hours: 4/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.      develop construction and verification of  mathematical logic.

2.      gain fundamental knowledge about lattices and Boolean Algebra.

3.      learn the basics of Graph Theory and its application.

UNIT – I:PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS                                                         

Tautology and contradiction – Equivalence of formulae -duality law – Tautological implications - Normal forms – disjunctive normal forms – conjunctive normal forms.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

UNIT – II:LATTICES                                                                    

Lattices - Introduction – Principle of duality - Properties of Lattices – sub Lattice –distributive Lattice modular lattices – bounded lattice - complemented lattice. 

           

UNIT – III:BOOLEAN ALGEBRA                                                                                 

Definition – Other basic laws of Boolean Algebra – Principle of duality for Boolean Algebras – ATOM definition - ATOMIC Boolean algebra – Finite Boolean Algebra. Boolean expression – definition – Boolean function – Literal – minterm and maxterm, Normal forms and Canonical forms.

UNIT – IV: GRAPHS, SUBGRAPHS AND CONNECTEDNESS                               

Introduction – definition and examples – degrees – subgraphs – Isomorphisms –                 walks, trails and paths – connectedness and components – blocks – connectivity.

UNIT – V: EULERIAN AND HAMILTONIAN GRAPHS                                           

Introduction - Eulerian graphs – Hamiltonian graphs.                                 

Reference Books:

·         Dr. S.P. Rajagopalan, Dr.R. Sattanathan, Discrete Mathematics, Margham Publications, Chennai -17.

·         S.Arumugam, S.Ramachandran:  Invitation to graph theory, Scitech Publications (India) Pvt.ltd, Chennai -17.

·         Trembley J.P and Manohar .R , “Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to Computer Science”, Tata Mcgraw – Hill Publication Co., limited, New Delhi, 2003.

·         Ralph.P. Grimaldi, “ Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied Introduction” 4^th edition, Pearson Eduncation Asia, Delhi 2002.

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SEMESTER-V

PHYSICS – PAPER - 5

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND MICROPROCESSOR

CODE: V # P5                                                                                      Credits: 4 (3L:0T:1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

•         Study various number systems and to simplify Boolean expression using the methods of Boolean Algebra and Karnaugh map.

•         know the fixed function Combinational logical circuits and their implementation.

•         study the fundamentals and applications of sequential logical circuits.

•         study the fundamentals of architecture and instruction set of an 8-bit microprocessor.

•         write Assembly Language Programs for an 8-bit microprocessor INTEL- 8085.

UNIT I : Number Systems, Logic Gates & Boolean Algebra and K-MAPS

Number Systems and Logic Gates: Different Number Systems -Binary, Octal and Hexa-decimal. Conversion between the number systems. Different Digital codes - ASCII, BCD, Gray codes. Basic logic gates: AND, OR and NOT Gates. Realization using Diodes and Transistor. Universal gates - NAND, NOR - conversion into Basic gates, Special Gates - Ex-OR, Ex-NOR. Boolean algebra and K-Maps:- Boolean Laws. De-Morgan’s Theorems. Simplification of Logical expression using Boolean Algebra. Fundamental Products. Minterms and Maxterms. Implementation of a Truth Table into an Equivalent Logic Circuit by Boolean Algebra and Karnaugh Maps – 4 Variables.

UNIT II: Combinational and Arithmetic Digital Circuits and Semiconductor Memories

Data processing circuits :- A basic study of TTL, CMOS and MOSFET- Classification and parameters. Basic Idea of Multiplexers 2:1, 4: 1, Demultiplexers 1:2, 1:4, Decoders, Encoders - decimal - to - BCD, Parity Generator and Checker - odd & even. Arithmetic Circuits :- Binary Addition, Binary Subtraction using 2’s Complement Method, Half Adders, Half subtractors, Full Adders and Full Subtractors. Memories :- Read-only memories (ROM), PROM, EPROM and RAM.

UNIT III: Sequential Circuits

Sequential Circuits :- RS, D, JK and T Flip-Flops. Level Clocked and Edge Triggered Flip-Flops. Preset and Clear Operations. Race-around Conditions in JK Flip-Flops. Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop (As Building Block of Sequential Circuits). Counters : - Asynchronous and Synchronous Counters. Decade Counter, UP-DOWN Counters, Ring Counter. Shift registers : - Serial-in-Serial-out, Serial-in-Parallel-out, Parallel-in-Serialout and Parallel-in-Parallel-out Shift Registers (only upto 4 bits).

UNIT IV: Microprocessors

Intel 8085 Microprocessor Architecture Architecture of 8085. Block Diagram, different blocks, Buses, Registers, ALU, Memory- Stack Memory. Interfacing Devices, Timing and Control Circuitry, Pin-out Diagram. Timing States, Instruction Cycle , Interrupts and Interrupt Control, Input/Output. Machine Language. Assembly Language. Instruction Set and Format. Data Transfer, Arithmetic, Logical, Branching and Machine Control Operations. RIM and SIM. Different Addressing Modes : Register, Implied, Immediate, Direct and Indirect. Memory Organization and Addressing, Memory Interfacing, Memory Map.

UNIT V : 8085 Instruction Set and Programming

Microprocessor Programming :- Algorithm and Flowcharts. Simple programming Exercises : Addition - sum of two 8-bit data without carry, sum of two 8-bit data with carry, decimal addition, sum of a string of data, Subtraction of two 8-bit data, 8 bit Multiplication - using successive addition and 8 bit Division - using successive subtraction, Look-up-table, Masking of a data, block transfer.

Reference Books

•         Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085 by Ramesh S. Gaonkar, (Prentice Hall, 2002).

•         Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Systems featuring the 8085 by William A. Routt, (Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006).

•         Digital principles and Applications by Donald P. Leach & Albert Paul Malvino, (Glencoe, 1995).

•         Digital Fundamentals, 3rd Edition by Thomas L. Floyd (Universal Book Stall, India, 1998).

Physics Practicals – V

Paper – V

Any Seven Practicals

1.      Semiconductor - Laser

2.      Potentiometer – EmF of a thermocouple.

3.      Zener repulated power supply.

4.      B.G – L by Anderson bridge.

5.      Fresnel’s biprism.

6.      Transistor characteristics – CB mode.

7.      Transistor characteristics – CE mode.

8.      FET characteristics.

9.      Study of  FET amplifier.

******

SEMSTER-V

Chemistry – paper-v

SOLID STATE chemistry

CODE: V # C5                                                                                     Credits: 4 (3L: 0T: 1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Course objective: To learn about nuclear components, nuclear energy, forces, nuclear reactors, nuclear power projects in India and various countries and to understand solid structure, crystals types, X-ray diffraction, semi conductors and solid defects

Unit – I: Introduction

The nucleus – subatomic particles- nuclear force- mass defect- packing fraction – Binding energy - n/p ratios in stable and metastable nuclei –Nuclear shell model the liquid drop model –nuclear isomerism- isotopes, isobars, isotones – mirror nuclelli magic numbers

Unit – II: Fragmentation and assay

Nuclear fission – fission fragments and their mass distribution – fission energy – Theory of fission Nuclear reactors – Fast Breeder reactors - atomic power projects in India Nuclear fusion – Nuclear fusion in Sun’s atmosphere Detection and determination of activity by G.M counter and Scintillation counter.

Unit –III: Tracer techniques           

Radioactive Tracers: - Principles of separation of isotopes- uses in analytical chemistry, reaction mechanism and agriculture – radio carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity- Transmutation of elements – cyclotron – induced radioactivity- Q values of nuclear reactions.

Unit – IV: Solid state I         

Crystalline and amorphous solids- Elements of symmetry of a crystal – unit cell – Bravais lattices – miller indices – Bragg’s law - X- ray diffraction of crystals – structure of NaCl, CsCl diamond, Graphite zinc and Futile  – radius ratio rule

Unit – V: Solid state II

Defects in solids-Band Theory – Semiconductors – p-type and n- type semiconductors – applications – Solid state electrolytes- Types of magnetic behaviour – Dia, Para, Ferro, Antiferro and  ferrimagnetism.

Text Books:

·         Antony R. West, “Solid State Chemistry” Wiley edition, 7^th edition, 2011

·         H. J Arnikar: “Essentials of nuclear Chemistry” New Age International Pvt. Limited. 5^th edition, 2014

Reference Books:

• R. Gopalan, “Elements of nuclear Chemistry” S. Viswanathan & Co., 7^th edition, 2009.
• A. F. Wells “Structural Inorganic Chemistry” Oxford University Press, 11^th edition, 2009.

·         Phillips F. C. “An introduction to crystallography” Longmans Green, New York., 7^th edition, 2012

***********

CHEMISTRY

PRACTICAL-V

1.      Preparation of Ferrous ammonium sulphate.

2.      Preparation of tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate.

3.      Preparation of potassium trioxalatoluminate.

4.      Preparation of potassium trioxalatochromate

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SEMESTER-V

BOTANY – PAPER - V

PLANT PATHOLOGY & PALEOBOTANY

Code: V # B5                                                                                         Credits: 4 (2L:1T:1P)

Hours: 6/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.            understand  plant  pathogenesis,  classification  and  host-parasite interaction.

2.            study plant diseasesincropsand their management, significant contributionsofplantpathologistsandusageofvarioustechniquesinplant protection.

3.            impartknowledgeondistribution,classification,structure,physiology, reproductionandfunctionoflichensandsignificanceofectomycorrhizaand endomycorrhiza.

Unit - I

Plant Pathology: History, losses due to pathogens, importance of study of Plant pathology;Classificationofplantdiseasesbasedon;(a) Majorcausalagents- biotic   and   abiotic,   (b)   General  Symptoms.  Process   of   infection   and pathogenesis:(a) Penetration and entry of pathogen into host tissue– mechanical,   physiological   and   enzymatic.   (b)   Host-parasite   interaction, enzymes and toxins in pathogenesis.

Unit - II     

Plant Disease Management Chemical means of disease control: Fungicides-Definition, classification, characters of an ideal fungicide; antibiotics and nematicides.Biological Control ofPlant Diseases–Definition,Importance, Biologicalcontrol agents and their role in plant disease control

Unit - III    

Studyofplantdiseaseswithrespecttosymptoms,causal organism,disease cycle and their management:(a) Cereals: Rice– blast disease; (b) Vegetables: Brinjal – Little leaf;(c) Fruits: Banana – bacterial leaf blight, Citrus– bacterial canker;(d)Oilseeds:Groundnut–Tikkadisease;(e)Sugaryielding:Sugarcane- red rot.

Research in PlantPathology - Contribution of Indian Plant Pathologists: Rangasami,GMahadevan,A.,Bilgrami,K.S.,and Mehrotra,R.S.), ContributionofResearchinstitutes– IARI(IndianAgriculturalResearch Institute),  ICRISAT  (International  Crop Research  Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics)

Unit – IV

Geological time scale – types of fossils and fossilization – impressions, compressions, casts, molds and pertrifications and radio carbon dating.

Unit – V

            Brief study of the following fossils:

1.            Lepidodendron

2.            Calamites

3.            Willamsonia

References:

·         BapReddy,D.andJoshi,N.C.(1991).PlantProtectioninIndia(Second Edition).Allied Publishers Ltd., New Delhi.

·         Bilgrami,K.S.andDubey,R.C.(1985).TextbookofModernPlantPathology. Vikas Publishing House Private Limited, New Delhi.

·         Mehrotra,R.S.(2003).PlantPathology(Secondedition).TataMcGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi.

·         Pandey,B.P.(2001).PlantPathology.S.Chand&CompanyLimited,New Delhi.

·         Rangasami,G.andMahadevan,A.(1998).DiseasesofCropPlantsinIndia. Prentice Hall of India Ltd. New Delhi.

·         Arnold CA (1947). Introduction to Paleobotany, McGraw Hill

·         Shukia A. and Mishra S.P. (1982). Essential of Paleobotany, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

********

PRACTICAL - V

PAPER – V: PLANT PATHOLOGY & PALEOBOTANY

Plant Pathology

1.      Alternaria:Specimens/photographs and tease mounts.

2.      Puccinia: Herbariumspecimens of Black Stem Rust of Wheat and infected Barberryleaves;section/teasemountsofsporesonWheatandpermanent slides of both the hosts.

3.      Agaricus: Specimensof button stage and full grown mushroom; Sectioning of gills of Agaricus.

PALEOBOTANY

4.      Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Lepidocarpon, Calamites(slides), Williamsonia

Field visit

5.      Make suitable micropreparations and identify the diseases mentioned theory with due emphasis on symptoms and causative organisms.

6.      A detailed study of diseased specimensincluded in the theory.

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SEMESTER-V

BOTANY – PAPER – VI

MAJOR-BASED ELECTIVE - I

MEDICAL AND APPLIED BOTANY

CODE: VI # B6.1                                                                                  Credits: 4 (2L:1T:1P)

Hours: 6/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.      understandtheimportanceofthemedicinalplantwealthinIndiaand the role of Medicinal plants in human health care.

2.      knowthemedicinallyusefulplants,Herbalmedicinepreparationfor common diseases and adulterants.

3.      understand the importance of biofertilizers and biopesticides

4.      understand the techniques involved in the cultivation of edible mushrooms

Unit - I

MedicalBotany:ImportanceandrelevanceofherbaldrugsinIndianSystems of Medicine. Pharmacognosy– aim, scope and branches.Phytochemicals– reserve materials, secretory materials and excretory materials.

Unit - II

CultivationandmarketingofMedicinalplants:Aloevera,Cassia senna, Catharanthus roseus, Gloriosasuperba andWithaniasomnifera. Poisonousplants–actionandtreatmentsfordifferenttypesofplantpoisons, rejuvenating herbs and medicinal uses of non-flowering plants

Unit - III

Adulterationand substitutionofcrudedrugs–methods,typesand identification; botanical description and active principles in the drugs of roots, rhizomes, woods and bark, leaves,flowers and seeds (two examples each/plant part).

Unit - IV

BiofertilizerTechnology:biofertilizers–types and importance.Mass cultivation ofAzospirillum, Azollaand Anabaena. Rhizobium-legume symbiotic association – masscultivation and carrier materials. Mycorrhiza– types and importance.

Biopesticides  –  importance;  bacterial  (Bacillus thuringiensis);  Viral  (NPV); Fungal (Trichoderma).

Unit - V

MushroomTechnology: types andidentification of edible and poisonous mushrooms; nutritive value; cultivation of button (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster  mushroom  (Pleurotos   sajorcaju);  harvest  and  storage  methods; mushroom research centres in India.

References:

·         Agarwal,O.P.(2014).OrganicChemistryNaturalProducts,Vol.II.Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut.

·         Alice, D., Muthusamy and Yesuraja, M. (1999). Mushroom Culture. Agricultural College, Research Institute Publications, Madurai.

·         Chopra,R.N.,Badhuvar,R.L.andGosh,G.(1965).PoisonousPlantsofIndia. CSIR Publications, New Delhi.

·         Chopra,R.N.,Chopra,I.C.,Handa,K.L.andKapur,L.D.(1994).IndigenousDrugs ofIndia. IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

·         Gamble,J.S.andFisher,C.E.C.(1915-1938).FloraofthePresidencyofMadras. Adlard &Son Ltd., London.

·   Marimuthu,T.(1991).OysterMushroom.DepartmentofPlantPathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

·         Mathew,K.M.(1988).FloraoftheTamilnaduCarnatic.RapinatHerbarium, Tiruchirappalli.

·         Nair,N.C.andHenry,A.M.(1983).FloraofTamilNadu,India.Botanical  Survey of India.

·         NitaBhal(2000).HandbookonMushroomsVol.IandII(2ndEd.).Oxford and IBH PublishingCo. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

·         Pathak,V.N.andYadav,N.(1998).MushroomProductionandProcessingTechnology. Agrobios, Jodhpur.

·         Somasundaram, S. (1997). Medicinal Botany (Maruthuva Thavaraviyal) (Tamil Medium Book). Elangovan Publishers, Tirunelveli.

·         Srivastava,A.K.(2006).MedicinalPlants.InternationalBookdistributiors, Dehradun.

·         SubbaRao,N.S.(2000).SoilMicrobiology.OxfordandIBHPublishingCo.Ltd., New Delhi.

·         Tripathi,D.P.2005.MushroomCultivation.Oxford&IBHPublishingCo.Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

·         Varma, A. and Hock, B. (1995).Mycorrhiza. Springer–Verlag,Berlin.

·         Yaaco Vokan (1994).Azospirillum/Plant Associations.CRCPress, Boca Raton, FL.

*****

PRACTICAL – VI

MAJOR-BASED ELECTIVE – I

PAPER – VI: MEDICAL AND APPLIED BOTANY

1.      Identification of herbal plants in India, especially CultivationofMedicinalplants namely,Aloevera,Cassia senna, Catharanthus roseus, Gloriosasuperba andWithaniasomnifera.

2.      Identification of Poisonousplants, variousactionandtreatmentsfordifferenttypesofplantpoisons.

3.      Identification of rejuvenating herbs and medicinal uses of non-flowering plants

4.      Identification of the drugs from various parts of the plant like roots, rhizomes, woods and bark, leaves,flowers and seeds.

5.      Method of cultivation in Azospirillum, Azolla,Anabaena and Mycorrhiza.

6.      Identification of edible and poisonous mushrooms with the  nutritive value.

7.      Cultivation of button (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster  mushroom  (Pleurotos   sajorcaju); 

8.      Methods involved in harvest   and   storage   methods of edible mushrooms.

*****

SEMESTER-V

BOTANY – PAPER – VI

MAJOR–BASED ELECTIVE –II

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY ANDBIOINFORMATICS

CODE: VI # B6.2                                                                                  Credits: 4 (2L:1T:1P)

Hours: 6/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.      Tocomprehendtheadvancesmadeinthefieldofplantbiotechnology;and bioinformatics

2.      Tounderstandhowmerejumblingofgenesresultsinthecreationofnew organisms

Unit - I

Biotechnology: definition and  scope. Tissue  culture: sterilization methods, media  preparation  (MS  basal  medium);  use  of  different  explants  types; materials and callus growth; differentiation; subculturing and hardening.

Unit - II

Plasmids:general features and types; plasmidsasvectors -pBR322, Ti- plasmid; cosmids, phagemids, Lambda-phage; transposons; site directed mutagenesis.

Unit - III

Steps involved in genetic engineering: generation of desired foreign genes by restriction enzymes and cDNA synthesis; joining DNA molecules; transfer of rDNA molecules intobacteria and plants. Southern and Western blotting.PCR technique.Role of Agrobacteriumin plant genetic engineering.

Unit - IV

Importance and application areas: biomass production-food (single cell proteins);bio-fertilizers.Environmental Biotechnology:Wastetreatment–solid (compost), Liquid (industrial effluents), sewage treatment (domestic sewage).

Unit - V

Bioinformatics: History, scope and applications. Types of biological databases. Nucleicacid databases-Genbank,NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ;Primary protein databases - SWISSPROT,TrEMBL;Secondary protein databases- PROSITE, PROFILES, PRINTS, Pfam; Structural classification databases- SCOP, CATH; Literature databases - PubMed, Medline.

References:

7.      Arthur,M.L.(2005).IntroductiontoBioinformatics(Ed:2).OxfordUniversity Press, New York.

8.      Attwood,T.K.andParrysmith,D.J.(2001).IntroductiontoBioinformatics. Pearson Education, New Delhi.

9.      Chatterji,A.K.(2011).IntroductiontoEnvironmentalBiotechnology.Prentice Hall India Pvt., Ltd.,New Delhi.

10.  Dubey,R.C.(2013).ATextbookofBiotechnology.S.Chand&Company Ltd., New Delhi.

11.  Gupta, P.K. (1994). Elements of Biotechnology. Restogi Publications, Meerut.

12.  Ignacimuthu,S.(1997).PlantBiotechnology.Oxford&IBMPublishingCo., New Delhi.

13.  KalyanKumarDe.(1997).PlantTissueculture.NewcentralBookAgency, Calcutta.

14.  Kumar,H.D.(1991).ATextbookonBiotechnology.Eastwestpress,New Delhi.

15.  Parihar,P.(2014).   ATextbookofBiotechnology.ArgobiosPublications, Jodhpur

16.  Purohit, S.S. (2003). Agricultural Biotechnology. Agrobios Publications, Joshpur.

17.  Trevan, M.D., Boffey, S., Goulding, K.H. and Stanbury, P. (1988). Biotechnology–TheBiologicalPrinciples.TataMcGrawHillPublishingCo., New Delhi.

*****

PRACTICAL – VI

MAJOR-BASED ELECTIVE – II

PAPER – VI: PLANT BIOTEACHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS

1.      Preparation of different (MS  basal  medium);  use  of  different  explants  types

2.      Materials and callus growth. Differentiation of the callus.

3.      Subculturing and hardening.

4.      Identification of plasmidsasvectors -pBR322, Ti- plasmid; cosmids, phagemids, Lambda-phage and transposons.

5.      Steps involved in genetic engineering as in Unit – III.

6.      Southern and Western blotting.PCR technique.Role of Agrobacteriumin plant genetic engineering.

7.      Biomass productionfrom food (single cell proteins) and bio-fertilizers.

8.      Environmental Biotechnology:Wastetreatment–solid (compost), Liquid (industrial effluents), sewage treatment (domestic sewage).

9.      Nucleicacid databases-Genbank,NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ;Primary protein databases - SWISSPROT,TrEMBL;Secondary protein databases- PROSITE, PROFILES, PRINTS, Pfam; Structural classification databases- SCOP, CATH; Literature databases - PubMed, Medline.

*****

SEMESTER – V  

ZOOLOGY – PAPER – V

CELL BIOLOGY

CODE: V # Z5                                                                                       Credits: 4 (3L:0T:1P)

Hours: 5/Week

Objectives: To enable students to

1.      understand the cell and cellular details with their significance.

2.      train the student about the various types of animal cell structures with their characteristic features and detailed functions.

3.      facilitate to understand the structure and function of cell.

Unit – I

History of Cell Biology - Tools and Techniques of Cell Biology Cell Fractionraction, Homogenization Centrifugation, Isolation of sub cellular Components. Biochemical Techniques - Chromatography - Electrophoresis and their Application, Tissue Culture and Cell Culture Techniques. Histological Techniques - Staining - Vital Stains - Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Stains Micro Technique - Methods, Microscopes - Types - Light, Phase contrast, SEM, TEM - Units of measurement.

Unit –II

Cell - Cell theory - Viruses -Types and Structure - Bacteria - Bacterial membrane - Ultra structure of Plant & Animal cell - Cytoplasm - Structure and Composition, Function - Extra Cytoplasmic Structure - Cilia Flagella - Cytoplasmic Inclusions.

Unit – III

Cell components - Plasma Membrane Ultra Structure - Different Models - Functions - Ultrastructure, Composition and Function of Endoplasmic reticulam, Ribosomes, Golgi Complex, Lysosomes, Centrioles, Plastids, Chloroplasts, Microtubules & Microfilaments, Mitochondria, and Microsomes.

Unit – IV

Nucleus - Ultrastructure, Composition and Functions - Nuclear Membrane - Nucleoplasm - Chromosomes - Heterochromatin and Euchromatin - Nucleolus - Nucleolus Cycle - DNA and RNAs - Protein Synthesis & regulation.

Unit – V

Cell Divisions and Cell Cycle - Amitosis, Mitosis and Meiosis and their Significance - Cancer, Ageing of Cells and Stem cell studies.

References:

•         Ambrose, E.J. and Dorothy, M. Easty. (1970). Cell Biology, Thomas Nelson & Sons Burke, Jack. D. (1970). Cell Biology. Calcutta: Scientific Book Agency.

•         Cohn, N. S. (1979). Elements of Cytology. New Delhi: Freeman Book Co., 495 pp

•         DeRobertis, E.D.P. and E.M.F. DeRobertis. (1988). HonKong: Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th Edition, International Edition, 734pp.

•         Giese, A.C. (1979). Cell Physiology. London: Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 609 pp.

•         Power, C.B. (1989). Essential of Cytology, Bombay: Himalaya Publishing HouseDowben, R. (1971). Cell Biology. New York: Harper International Edition. Harper and Row Publisher, 565 pp.

•         Veer Bala Rastogi. (    ). Introductory cytology. Meerut: Kedar Nath Ram Nath.

•         Verma, P.S. and V. K.Agarwal. (1995). Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th Edition. New Delhi: S.Chand & co., 567 pp.

•         Loewy, A.G. and P. Sickevitz. (1969). Cell Structure and Function. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Co., 516 pp.

•         Swansen, C.P. and P.L.Webster. (1989). The Cell. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., Simplified course - Cell Biology - S.Chand & Company - 2000

*****

PRACTICAL – V

PAPER – V:  CELL BIOLOGY

1.      Micrometry - Use of Microscopes, Cameralucida, Stage and Ocular Micrometer.

2.      Blood Smear preparation - Differential Count of WBC.

3.      Counting of RBC and WBC using Haemocytometer (Demonstration only)

4.      Mounting buccal epithelium and observing living cells using vital staining.

5.      Mitosis in Onion root tip squash

6.      Meiosis in grasshopper testis squash

7.      Study of prepared slides of histology

a)      Columnar Epithelium

b)      Ciliated Epithelium

c)      Glandular Epithelium

d)     Areolar Connective tissue

e)      Cartilage T. S.

f)       Bone T. S.

g)      Cardiac muscle

h)      Striated muscle

a.       Non striated muscle

i)        Nervous tissue

j)        Ovary T.S.

k)      Testis

*****